How food packaging labelling can help state fight chronic diseases

Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing an epidemiological shift, with a notable rise in chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). These diseases, though challenging to define, are commonly linked to four behavioural risk factors: tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and physical inactivity.

Together, these factors drive the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes—conditions responsible for nearly 80 per cent of global deaths.

In Kenya specifically, NCDs contribute to over half of all inpatient admissions and account for nearly half of hospital deaths.

While these statistics are alarming, most countries are now taking measures to ensure the management of NCDs, leaning majorly towards population-based interventions. These interventions include integration of policies designed to build an environment in which people are encouraged to make and maintain healthy living choices.

One promising approach is the use of Front-of-Pack Labels (FoPLs) which provide consumers with essential nutrition information on the foods they eat in a quick and clear way. As a matter of fact, scientific evidence shows that FoPLs—detailed nutrient information found on the back of food packaging—are effective in guiding consumers towards healthier food options.

Kenya for example has a long-term goal of adopting a Nutrient Profile Model that will guide FoPL implementation within the food environment.

According to researchers and health experts, however, simply listing nutrition facts is not enough; labels must be clear, simple, and easily understood if they are to truly influence consumer choices.

Numerous FoPLs have been proposed globally. For example, the United States, proposed the three-star system; which rated products from less healthy (0 stars) to more healthy (3 stars).

However, countries such as the US have not yet imposed a mandatory front-of-pack labelling system, but instead some products display a voluntary system called ‘Facts Up Front’. It is, therefore, clear that the greatest barrier to implementation of these labelling systems is that, despite strong evidence of FOPL benefits, these systems largely remain voluntary.

While adoption of FOPLs has primarily taken root in high-income countries, the trend is spreading to low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden of NCDs is also rising.

South Africa recently became the first African country to adopt FoPLs, and Kenya could see substantial public health benefits by following suit. Furthermore, prior studies show that when implemented effectively, FoPLs can impact consumer food choices and encourage healthier eating.

However, Kenya continues to see growing availability and consumption of ultra-processed and unhealthy foods, a trend evident in both urban and rural areas.

The government should, therefore ,consider using the available research evidence to inform implementation of FoPLs. With the right label design—one that is accessible and actionable for all consumers—Kenya can empower its citizens to make healthier choices for themselves and their families.

Shete is a Communications Officer, and Kirui is a Research Officer, both for working for African Population & Health Research Centre