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Kenya has long been caught at the crossroads of international drug trafficking, with powerful cartels weaving an extensive web of illegal operations that stretch far beyond the country’s borders.
From notorious local drug lords to high-profile international arrests, the nation continues to grapple with the reality of being both a transit hub and a marketplace for narcotics.
Recent revelations have shed light on a Mexican cartel operating a methamphetamine lab in Namanga, and the sentencing of Joyce Akinyi Ochieng—one of Kenya’s most infamous drug baronesses—highlight the deep entrenchment of drug syndicates in East Africa.
A shocking report by the United States Department of State revealed that the Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG), one of Mexico’s most infamous drug cartels, had been running a large-scale methamphetamine production lab in Namanga until September 2024. The facility marked the first confirmed Mexican cartel-linked meth lab in Kenya, with authorities suspecting it had been operating for several years.
Despite significant efforts by Kenyan law enforcement to curb drug production, the report emphasised that international criminal organisations continue to exploit the country’s porous borders.
The dismantling of the lab was deemed one of Kenya’s most significant drug busts in recent years. Just a month later, in October 2024, Kenyan authorities arrested a CJNG operative attempting to flee to Mexico.
Intelligence provided by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) was pivotal in tracking cartel members and dismantling their Kenyan network.
The CJNG’s presence in Kenya raises serious concerns about the country’s growing role in global drug trafficking. Experts warn that Kenya is fast becoming an attractive hub for cartels looking to expand their operations into East Africa.
While cartels and drug barons dominate the headlines, countless Kenyan women have become unwitting pawns in the international narcotics trade, lured by promises of quick wealth, but ultimately facing devastating consequences.
The recent sentencing of Margaret Nduta to death in Vietnam has reignited discussions about the plight of Kenyan women arrested abroad for drug trafficking. Many fall victim to deception, unknowingly transporting drugs until it’s too late.
Many Kenyan women, drawn into the illegal trade by false promises of easy money, end up serving long prison sentences in foreign lands with little to no support.
From former Kenya Airways air hostess Priscilla Chemutai Kolongei to socialite Pesh Lema and Tanzanian video vixen Sandra Khan, known as Binti Kiziwi, their stories serve as grim reminders of the high risks and catastrophic consequences of drug trafficking.
Margaret Nduta
Nduta was arrested in July 2023 at Tân Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City with over two kilograms of cocaine. After months in detention, she was sentenced to death in March 2025.
Her mother, Purity Nduta, claims that her daughter was tricked. According to her, a man named Njoroge gave her a suitcase to deliver to a woman in Vietnam, with the promise of receiving another package to bring back to Kenya.
The Kenyan government has been making diplomatic efforts to intervene. Prime Cabinet Secretary Musalia Mudavadi on Wednesday March 19, revealed that the ministry through Principal Secretary Korir Sing’oei, has initiated high-level talks with Vietnamese authorities in an attempt to secure clemency. “We hope there can be some success so that there is no summary execution as we go ahead,” he said.
Priscilla Chemutai Kolongei
The case of Margaret Nduta is reminiscent of Priscilla Chemutai Kolongei, a former Kenya Airways air hostess arrested in 2002 for smuggling 27 kilogrammes of heroin from Mumbai. Kolongei had unknowingly transported drugs for years, believing she was carrying medicine and clothes for friends.
By the time she realised the truth, she was already deeply entangled in the network. Her arrest exposed a vast drug-smuggling ring, leading to the dismissal of 32 Kenya Airways crew members suspected of trafficking drugs.
In November 2002, she was sentenced to 18 years in prison and fined Sh10 million. She was released in 2015 for good behaviour but maintained a low profile after her release. Sadly, she passed away in December 2023 following an illness.
Pesh Lema
Before her arrest, Peninah Lema Munyithya, known as Pesh Lema, was a rising socialite flaunting her extravagant lifestyle online. In just a few months, she had gained notoriety for driving luxury cars, travelling to exotic destinations, and mingling with celebrities.
Her high-flying lifestyle, however, was built on a dangerous secret. After a trip to Dubai, she travelled to West Africa to meet her alleged Nigerian lover. On her way to South Africa, she was caught transporting cocaine worth millions, bringing her glamorous life to an abrupt halt.
In 2015, Pesh was arrested in Ghana and sentenced to 10 years in prison. She disappeared from the public eye, with no communication from family or friends. Over time, Kenyans moved on, and she became a forgotten name.
After serving three-quarters of her sentence, she was released in February 2023, just weeks before her birthday. Upon her release, she turned to TikTok, where she shared a message of gratitude and posted videos, many featuring gospel songs. Although she has not spoken publicly about her time in prison or how she got involved in the drug trade, she has chosen to live a quiet life since returning to Kenya.
Deborah Donde
Not all cases end in lengthy sentences or death. Deborah Donde, the daughter of former Gem MP Joe Donde, was arrested in Malaysia in 2006 alongside a friend for allegedly possessing four kilogrammes of marijuana. In Malaysia, drug trafficking is punishable by death, and her case gained significant attention due to her political background. The Kenyan government intervened, and blood tests later revealed that she and her friend had not consumed the drugs. She was eventually freed.
Sandra Khan
Sandra Khan, known for her role in the hit song Binti Kiziwi, was once a celebrated figure in the East African entertainment scene. However, her life took a dark turn when she was arrested at a Chinese airport with drugs hidden in her stomach.
At just 22 years old, Sandra found herself behind bars in a foreign country, forced to endure a harsh reality she had never imagined. The arrest followed temptations and peer pressure from friends who convinced her to take the dangerous path of drug smuggling.
The years in prison were grueling, exacerbated by being far from home in an unfamiliar environment. What pained her the most was the thought of her child, whom she had left behind as a toddler. For over seven years, none of her relatives visited her while she was incarcerated, a choice she made herself as she didn’t want them to see her in such a difficult situation.
However, she maintained communication with her child through letters and monthly phone calls. As her child grew older, the letters became two-way exchanges, filled with messages of hope. Her prayers were eventually answered when she was released in 2014. “The first time I landed at the airport, I was so happy, I shed tears of joy. My son, mother, and relatives came to pick me,” she said.
Despite the relief of being back, she knew she had to face one of the hardest conversations of her life—telling her son the truth about her past. “I didn’t want my son to hear from people that ‘your mum did this and that,” she admitted. Now, Sandra has chosen to put her past behind her, focusing on rebuilding her life and ensuring her child has a brighter future.
Joyce Akinyi Ochieng
While the CJNG’s operations shocked many, another story dominated the headlines in March 2025—the downfall of Joyce Akinyi Ochieng, one of Kenya’s most notorious drug baronesses.
Akinyi, once the epitome of Nairobi’s high life, was sentenced to 25 years in prison and fined Sh9 million after being found guilty of trafficking heroin worth Sh5 million. Her accomplice and lover, Congolese national Paulin Kalala, received a 10-year sentence with a similar fine.
For years, Akinyi had evaded justice, her name frequently whispered in conversations about Nairobi’s underworld. With a fleet of luxury cars, high-end properties, and an opulent lifestyle, she seemed to have it all. But behind the wealth was a drug empire built on desperation and destruction.
Her arrest, trial, and eventual conviction marked the end of an era. Akinyi had been a key player in Nairobi’s narcotics trade, importing heroin through international links and distributing it via an extensive network of dealers and mules.
Magistrate Njeri Thuku, while delivering the verdict, noted that Akinyi and her co-accused, Peres Anyango—who remains on the run—were at the pinnacle of Kenya’s drug trade. The court found that Anyango, now a fugitive, possessed multiple passports under different names, suggesting she could be hiding under an alias. Authorities ordered that Akinyi’s Congolese passports be surrendered to the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Akinyi’s ties to drug trafficking date back to the late 1990s, when she met her husband, Antony Chinedu, a Nigerian national. Together, they built a thriving drug empire, using young recruits as couriers and establishing safe houses to store narcotics.
Their most famous investment, Deep West Hotel in Lang’ata, became a subject of public scrutiny during their acrimonious divorce in 2009. The fallout exposed the couple’s vast wealth and hinted at its murky origins.
In 2008, Akinyi and former Budalang’i MP Raphael Wanjala were arrested in New Delhi, India, with undeclared cash worth Ksh 7.59 million. Though they were later released, suspicions about Akinyi’s drug dealings intensified.
In 2013, she and Chinedu were stopped on the Nairobi-Namanga highway with suspicious white powder. They claimed it was maize flour, but authorities suspected otherwise. Despite the arrest, they managed to evade prosecution.
Chinedu was eventually deported to Nigeria, but Akinyi remained in Kenya, continuing her operations until her recent conviction.
Thousands of Kenyans imprisoned abroad
In 2013, Floviance Owino, a young mother and former mitumba dealer, was arrested at Guangzhou Baiyuan Airport for drug smuggling. She was sentenced to death, but diplomatic efforts led to a suspension of her execution for two years, pending a review. Her sentence was later reduced to life imprisonment. In 2017, Rose Achieng Ojala, another Kenyan woman, was arrested in Malaysia and sentenced to death for trafficking methamphetamine. She had swallowed 68 capsules and hidden three in her body. Her sentence was eventually reduced to life imprisonment.
In 2018, Mariam Mweke was arrested in New Delhi, India, alongside two Nigerian men, carrying 2.5 kilogrammes of heroin.
In 2020, an article published in local daily revealed shocking details of tens of Kenyans held in Hong Kong prisons. An Australian Catholic priest Fr John Wotherspoon, who had been campaigning against coercion of Africans into becoming drug mules said there were about 40 Kenyans as at 2020, held in Hong Kong prisons for drug trade.
With over 1,200 Kenyans imprisoned abroad for drug-related offences, many of them women, it’s clear that traffickers are preying on vulnerable individuals. Some are coerced or tricked into carrying narcotics, while others knowingly take the risk, drawn in by promises of wealth and glamour. However, as these cases show, the price of drug trafficking is often steep—leading to life imprisonment, death sentences, or, in some cases, complete social isolation.
Kenya stands at a crossroads. The government’s ability to dismantle these sophisticated drug networks will determine whether the country can shed its emerging reputation as a hotspot for international narcotics syndicates or continue down a dangerous path where crime, corruption, and drug addiction take deeper root.
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