Rhumba Royalty: How Franco Luambo Makiadi, TP OK, Tabu Ley's departure sparked new generation of stars

For over seven decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been the beating heart of African rhumba, producing legendary orchestras whose melodies shaped the continent’s musical landscape.

From Franco Luambo Makiadi’s TP OK Jazz to Tabu Ley Rochereau’s Afrisa International and Pepe Kalle’s Empire Bakuba, these groups were more than just bands, they were institutions, incubators of extraordinary talent.

Their music, a hypnotic blend of rhythm, melody, and storytelling, resonated far beyond the borders of the DRC, inspiring generations of fans and musicians alike.

But as time took its toll and these icons passed on, many feared the soul of Rhumba might fade with them. Instead, their legacy has fueled the rise of a new generation of individual superstars, ensuring that the rhythm lives on.

From Orchestras to Icons: The Evolution of Congolese Rhumba

During its golden era, Congolese rhumba thrived through structured orchestras where singers, composers, and instrumentalists honed their craft before stepping into the limelight.

TP OK Jazz, Afrisa International, and Empire Bakuba were powerhouses that launched the careers of artists like Sam Mangwana, Madilu System, Mbilia Bel, and Lokassa Ya Mbongo, among others.

These artists went on to establish their own unique styles, some even taking their talents abroad.

Lokassa, for instance, found global success with Soukous Stars in Paris, while Pepe Kalle’s Empire Bakuba became famous for its high-energy performances and the commanding presence of its lead vocalist.

In the 1970s, Congolese musicians found a second home in East Africa, particularly in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. This migration led to the creation of legendary groups such as Les Mangelepa and Moja One, further cementing Congolese music’s influence in the region.

Some, like Moreno Batamba and Remmy Ongala (originally from Tanzania), never returned home, choosing instead to be laid to rest in their adopted countries.

New Stars Carry the Torch

As the founding members of these orchestras passed on, the bands themselves struggled to survive, and many dissolved entirely.

But from the ashes of these legendary groups emerged a new wave of superstars. Artistes like Fally Ipupa and Ferre Gola, both protégés of Koffi Olomide, who have brought rhumba into the modern era.

These artists have embraced contemporary influences, infusing traditional rhumba with elements of pop, R&B, and Afrobeats.

They have captivated audiences worldwide, performing on major stages across Africa, Europe, and beyond. Yet, despite their success, debates continue about whether the new wave of rumba retains the depth and richness of its predecessors.

The Battle Between Tradition and Modernity

Veteran artists and experts have voiced concerns over the direction modern rhumba is taking. Samba Mapangala (originally from Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)), the iconic Orchestra Virunga frontman, believes that staying true to the original rumba sound is crucial to preserving the genre’s heritage.

“Keeping the old style alive is our way of honouring our culture,” he says. “Unfortunately, the new generation is too eager to reinvent the wheel. They are in a rush, but where are they really heading?”

Nana Akumu, a former soloist with TP OK Jazz, agrees. “The difference between classic rumba and today’s music is night and day. Back then, our songs carried deep messages and were rich in instrumentation. Now, you barely hear a saxophone or trumpet in modern compositions, which makes the melodies less captivating.”

Kenyan rumba expert Mfumu Kimbangu shares the sentiment, adding that many of today’s musicians focus more on trends than on artistic integrity.

“They want quick money. They flood the internet with songs, but where is the depth? That’s why Franco’s music still dominates decades later. It had a soul.”

A Genre That Will Never Die

Despite the criticism, rumba continues to evolve, and its resilience is evident in the new stars who have emerged.

Whether rooted in nostalgia or embracing change, the genre remains a symbol of Congolese identity and cultural pride.

Yet, as these modern luminaries rise, the DRC itself faces growing challenges. The resurgence of the M23 rebel group has plunged the country into unrest, disrupting the nation’s thriving music scene.

Cities like Goma, once vibrant cultural hubs, have seen live performances dwindle as insecurity spreads.

But even amid turmoil, the spirit of Congolese music remains unbroken. Rhumba, in its many forms, continues to pulse through Africa and beyond, proving that while the legends may be gone, their legacy is immortal.