Dear Dr Othieno, I am retiring this year and plan to acquire a few Friesian crosses for dairy farming as a source of income from milk sales. I love Friesians based on what I’ve heard and my own observations and readings. I hope my choice will not disappoint in terms of milk production. What should I be on the lookout for as I acquire them? Do they have any common diseases? If yes, what should I do? Thank you. [Anastacia Mutheu, Machakos.]
Thank you for your question and your interest in farming Friesian crosses to generate income from milk sales. Friesians, also known as Holstein-Friesians and their crosses, are probably the most common dairy breed in Kenya and worldwide. Their high milk production has made them a favorite among farmers eager to profit from dairy farming. Additionally, Friesian's lean meat is valued for its quality and quantity, and the breed can withstand extreme weather conditions. These traits make Friesians a popular choice for many farmers. However, note that most Friesians seen today are diluted breeds due to repeated crossbreeding, which still gives owners pride in owning this coveted breed.
What exactly is the Holstein-Friesian?
Friesian’s Origin
The origin of the Holstein-Friesian is not very well known. However, many believe that it originated from crosses between breeds from Holland and Friesland in the Netherlands during the 18th century, from where it spread worldwide. In Kenya, it was introduced by colonialists.
Holstein-Friesian Characteristics
A pure Holstein is generally a large cattle breed, weighing up to 700 kilograms. A healthy Holstein calf can weigh up to 35 kilograms at birth. Their massive size and distinct white and black or red and white colors easily identify them, with black and white patches being the most common.
Friesians produce large quantities of milk, often up to 30 liters a day, although some have surpassed this. However, Friesian milk is relatively low in butterfat content. It must be noted that milk production is always proportional to the quality of feed and good health care. A well-cared-for Friesian can produce over 12 calves or lactations in its lifetime. Holstein heifers can be bred at 15 months of age, but it is desirable to have Holstein females calve for the first time between 24 and 27 months of age.
They are relatively hardy and strong and can survive and produce in a wide range of weather conditions, which is why they remain common all over Kenya and the world. They are generally easy to handle and milk, but they need lots of quality feed to maintain high milk production. They also need good health care to address the many diseases they are predisposed to, in addition to a clean environment.
Health concerns
Due to their high production, Friesians are prone to mastitis, milk fever, ketosis, and abomasal displacement. The third eyelid cancer is common in Friesian cows, especially those over five years old. With good care, the Holstein-Friesian remains a versatile dairy breed that will continue to lead in popularity and can give lots of milk.
[Dr Othieno is a veterinary surgeon and Head of Communications at
FAO, Kenya. Views expressed here are his own]