Jemimah Nyabogi, right, has lived long enough to see her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. [File, Standard]

The mother of eight walks without support, has a clear vision and hears without asking a speaker to shout.

"Living to see my third generation is a blessing," she says adding that she rarely gets sick. "I am happy my children continue to support me in my old age."

Her best meal is matoke (bananas), traditional vegetables, brown ugali and sour milk.

Her last born, Samson Omwoyo, says: "I ensure my mother is free from stress, feeds on a balanced diet and enjoys enough sleep."

Chadwick Digo, a nutritionist and a lecturer at Kabete National Polytechnic, attributes longevity to a healthy diet that is safe and with all nutrients and the "environment where food is produced, transported, cooked and served is key. For instance, production of food in a sewer risks diseases and premature deaths."

The nutritionist advises the elderly to consume moderated fiber diet, low calories and spices. "We advise them to consume food laced with natural spices because at advanced ages, taste buds tend to fade," he explains.

The aforementioned Prof Olshansky in his article, Long live the monarchy!, says the Royals, unlike ordinary mortals, avoid behaviour that shorten life as "it is a lot easier to shorten life than extend it - but among the most well known are smoking, eating in excess and lack of exercise."

Prof Olshansky also cites the influence of poverty and privilege as "being born into or living in poverty has been shown to be one of the most important factors that shortens lifespan - and it is here that perhaps the royals have the greatest advantage."

Prof Olshansky also adds that "differences in duration of life are first defined by genetics, then heavily mediated by education, income, health care, clean water, food, indoor living and working environments, and the overall effects of high or low socioeconomic status."

Dr Muthoni Gichu, a medical gerontologist in Nairobi elaborates how imbalance in the production of cells in human bodies results in general ageing. And old age, she adds, is not a disease, but a risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, chronic condition of the lung and heart, arthritis and certain cancers.

 Dr Muthoni Gichu. [File, Standard]

Other health conditions common among the elderly include; hearing loss, vision, cognitive decline, dementia, frailty, falls, sarcopenia (progressive loss of muscle mass and strength) and incontinence.

"We need to explore bio-psychosocial health models, for example, somebody who has lived an active life, and a nutritious diet cannot be compared with someone who has malnutrition or someone who has lost social network," said Dr Gichu.

Other experiences common in older persons include; loneliness, social isolation, malnutrition and polypharmacy (use of multiple medicines) which contributes to health complications.

Dr Gichu reckons that majority of people are not prepared for old age or healthy aging and most lack know-how on navigating old age. There is also a negative attitude (ageism) towards the old as the "population feels the older population is a burden."

Nevertheless, the elderly also stigmatise themselves in ageing narrative and Dr Gichu says health aging should not be handled at 60, but from birth.

Slowing ageing, says Dr Gichu, includes having social contacts and engagement, early childhood experiences, diet, physical exercise, diet and stopping smoking and low alcohol intake.

For older persons, she calls for targeted approach and integrated, person-centred care. On average, men age faster than women, according to the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census report: Analytical Report on Older and vulnerable population.

The report by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) released this April reveals that the country has 2.7 million older persons.

About 1.5 million (54.6 percent) were female, while 1.2 million (45.4percent) were male. At least 84 percent of older persons lived in rural areas, while 16 percent resided in urban areas, but "the rate of decline was more pronounced among males.

Abdulkadir Amin Awes, the KNBS Director of Population and Social Statistics says counties with higher number of the aged have advanced medical services compared to those with low numbers.

Improved lifestyle which entails a balanced diet was also factored in the study besides social economic status and genetics. "People who eat a balanced diet, access quality healthcare and do physical exercise were found to live longer, but risk factors to early death include food insecurity, lack of medication, vehicle accidents and excess consumption of alcohol," said Awes.

He added that genetics, pre-exposing some people to diseases like cancer and diabetes, were likely to carry to their offspring, affecting life spans.

But environmental pollution is a likely health hazard among urbanites compared to people living in rural areas.