Every month women shed blood. It is a phenomenon that men will never fully wrap their heads around. In fact, for those who sat through everything but medical school, the very idea of blood oozing from any orifice is spooky enough.
Fine, maybe not ooze but perhaps shed. This – referred to as menstruation in common language – happens every month and at designated times.
But it is all normal: all part of a deity's grand plan to show the human race that to be a female is to be sacred. If you have already clocked the relevant years then you know that this monthly flow of blood is more than just a ritual – it must happen.
If you consult Dr Jacqueline Kitulu, a family physician, she will recommend check-ups if nothing has happened the last few months.
Here is the thing. The monthly flow of blood brings with it a certain assurance that all is well. And so, women are left with two options every time menstruation occurs: to ignore it and let it spew out as the body wilfully wishes or to find a sanitary method of packaging the blood in a way that the woman is still able to go through with her daily chores with much nonchalance.
If you decide to take the recommended option of packaging it you could either use sanitary towels (also known as pads) or tampons. The two are structurally different but perform the same role: absorbing menstrual blood.
Tampons, with their characteristic capsule outlook, can be intimidating and as such have stirred curiosity as well as provoked genuine concern.
Here, we bust tampon myths: find out what professionals say and recommend.
Can tampons break or interfere with virginity? The quick answer is no. Tampons are small enough to be accommodated perfectly within the vagina and big enough to carry out the function they are meant for. "That should be the least of worries for women," Kitulu says. "Tampons may feel uncomfortable but they don't break hymens."
Are tampons painful to use? If you are not relaxed when inserting a tampon you may feel pain. "Anxiety or fright will result to the vaginal muscles tightening. This therefore would mean more friction as the tampon is inserted, hence resulting in pain," observes Dr Esther Wanjohi who works at Nairobi Hospital in Nairobi.
However, on average, adds Esther, pain is extremely rare when using tampons. "If pain is a frequent occurrence every time one is using tampons then it is probably good to see a doctor who can ascertain the origin of the pain," Esther says.
Are tampons supposed to be used together with pads? Sanitary towels are designed and manufactured to function as exclusively as possible. And so are tampons. Both are meant to siphon menstrual blood and to keep the birth canal 'sanitary'. However, it wouldn't be a bad idea to use both at the same time.
Doctors cite special situations that would warrant the use of a tampon and sanitary pad at once. "If a lady is traveling to a distant place she could use both since she won't be able to stop and change," Esther points out. Also, if one has heavy bleeding then they could use both, "if they want to stay longer before changing," says Kitulu.
Can a tampon be sucked into the uterus? According to Kitulu there is as much chance that the proverbial camel will make it through a pin hole as a tampon moving past the cervix into the uterus.
"Sometimes women forget tampons inside and insert another one before removing the used one. Even in such a situation the tampon will just find space within the vaginal cavity: it won't go into the uterus," she says.
Won't the blood tampons retain inside the vagina cause trouble? A good number of women believe that tampons keep menstrual blood 'in' when it should flow 'out'. They fear that this retention of blood is harmful and could cause infections. These fears are unfounded says Kitulu.
"It is not true that tampons keep menstrual blood inside the vagina. Tampons are made of cotton and natural fibres and hence absorb blood. The blood still flows out [and into the tampon]."
How long should one have the tampon on? According to Esther, tampons can be left on for anything between 6 and 12 hours. However, the duration is greatly determined by the rate of blood flow. According to Lucy Muchiri, a doula, a normal flow would warrant changing every four hours whilst heavy flow would fill the tampon in two hours or less.
What is the risk of staying longer with a tampon? "The vagina is not sterile and therefore harbours bacteria," says Kitulu. "Therefore the more used tampons stay inside the more the bacteria replicate.
This can lead to an infection." If a tampon left for days then one could suffer toxic shock syndrome. Bacteria, says Lucy, will also cause foul smelling and therefore discomfort for the user and those around her.
Can tampons be used postnatal? Esther would not advise for tampons to be used after the birth of a baby. The vagina, she says, will be healing from trauma. "At that time the birth canal is sore. It may have wounds. Or an episiotomy could have been performed. Tampons will provoke an easy infection under these conditions," she says. Lucy says: "Tampons are not for new mothers.
There are special maternity pads, designed to contain the heavy flow of blood and fluids from the womb. Plus, after child birth the vaginal wall is too weak to hold a tampon." Both Esther and Lucy advice strongly use of tampons at maternity – even if birth was done through caesarean section. Perhaps, after a mother has healed well, they can use tampons.
Are tampons meant for certain body types? Tampons can be used by any woman. There is no special category of women who are exclusively fit the bill for tampons. They are manufactured in different sizes to be used by the diverse range of females. According to Esther, the size of a tampon is dependent on a woman's flow as well as what her birth canal can accommodate.
Is it dangerous to use a tampon and Copper-T mode of family planning? There is danger using copper-T, otherwise known as coil, together with tampons. Kitulu explains: "Copper-T has astring which remains suspended in the vagina.
The string will therefore share the same space as the tampon. If the tampon is left for long, and an infection occurs, the infection could travel up the string into the uterus." Therefore using Copper-T and tampons at the same time could cause infection in the womb – a part of the body which is otherwise naturally sterile.
Can one exercise while on tampons? It is absolutely normal to exercise – or perform similar physical activities – while using tampons. As a matter of fact, Kitulu says, tampons have been shown to be best options for exercise during menstruation.
Unlike pads, they won't move or be displaced every time one bends. "Tampons seem to do very well even for swimming and other sports activities," Kitulu says.