Hormone therapy for breast cancer patients may reduce dementia risk, study shows

Phanice Okuso, 60, a retired nurse conducting a breast cancer screening at Kakamega Oasis Multi-Specialty Hospital. [Nathan Ochunge, Standard]

Hormone Modulating Therapy (HMT), widely used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, could offer more than just cancer treatment. It may lower the risk of dementia.

A recent study revealed a 7 per cent reduced risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) among breast cancer patients who underwent HMT, although this benefit decreases with age and varies by race.

“Our findings emphasize the importance of considering individual patient factors when prescribing HMT,” noted Dr Francesmary Modugno, senior author of the study and a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. “It’s not one-size-fits-all. We need to tailor treatment plans to optimize outcomes and minimize risks.”

The research, led by Dr Modugno and Dr Chao Cai from the University of South Carolina, analysed 18,808 breast cancer patients aged 65 and older diagnosed between 2007 and 2009. About 66 per cent of participants received HMT within three years of diagnosis.

Over a 12-year follow-up period, 24 per cent of HMT users developed ADRD compared to 28 per cent of non-users. The protective effects of HMT were most pronounced in women aged 65 to 69 and declined with age, especially after 80.

Racial disparities also emerged. Black women aged 65 to 74 experienced a 24 per cent reduction in dementia risk with HMT, while white women of the same age group had an 11 per cent reduction. However, this benefit diminished significantly after age 75.

Low awareness

“The higher rates of breast cancer and stress-related risks among black women could be factors contributing to these differences,” explained Dr Modugno. “It’s an area that warrants further investigation.”

In Kenya, where breast cancer cases are rising, the study’s findings carry significant implications. HMT remains a critical treatment for two-thirds of patients with hormone receptor-positive tumours. However, dementia awareness and care are still low.

The Kenya National Commission for UNESCO highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing dementia due to scarce resources and low public awareness.

“Breast cancer patients might benefit from these findings, but there’s a need for personalized care plans,” said Dr Cai. “Age, race and other factors should guide treatment strategies to optimize both cancer and cognitive outcomes.”

This research calls for increased awareness about the effects of cancer treatments. Healthcare providers are encouraged to inform patients about cognitive benefits while addressing concerns through tailored care plans. Additionally, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can further support overall and brain health.