Revisit the art of nation building after polls

An elderly woman is led to a polling station to vote for a Member of the National Assembly for Kitui Rural on August 29, 2022. [Philip Muasya, Standard]

While reflecting on the recently concluded elections, the attendant petition challenging the presidential poll result and the apex court's ruling upholding the outcome, left a fragmented and sharply divided nation. One is tempted to ask, what next?

What makes some countries disintegrate, what fans ethnic/tribal embers of hatred resulting into violence and ultimately plunge nations in the abyss of civil war; yet others enjoy relative cohesion, despite having ethnic diversities? What makes nation building succeed or fail?