The role of President Sheikh Mohamud in Somalia's democratic transition

Somalia is on the verge of a historic event, preparing to hold its first one-person-one-vote election since gaining independence in 1960. This significant occasion represents a major departure from the indirect elections that have defined Somalia’s political landscape since the military regime’s collapse in 1991.

President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has played a significant role in transforming Somalia's electoral landscape since assuming the presidency in 2012. His leadership has been characterised by efforts to move from a complex clan-based power-sharing system towards a more democratic process, ultimately culminating in the recent steps towards a one-person, one-vote election.

Mohamud's presidency began during a crucial time for Somalia, which was beginning to stabilise after years of civil war. His administration focused on rebuilding state institutions and restoring public confidence in governance. Establishing a sense of order was critical to facilitate any electoral processes.

During the 2016 electoral cycle, President Mohamud pushed for increasing the number of delegates participating in the parliamentary elections, enhancing the inclusivity of the election process. This expansion aimed to ensure broader representation across Somalia’s numerous clans and regions, thereby fostering a sense of unity and representation.

Throughout his time in office, the president has emphasised the importance of transitioning to direct elections. In various speeches, he has expressed a vision of "true democracy" where every citizen has the right to vote. His administration has laid the groundwork for a more transparent electoral framework by advocating for constitutional reforms.

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After 2022 election

After winning the 2022 elections, President Mohamud has undertaken significant steps toward realising the promise of a one-person, one-vote electoral system:

One of the first actions taken by his government was the proposal to amend the first four chapters of Somalia’s Constitution which the parliament approved. These amendments aimed to solidify the framework necessary for implementing direct elections, addressing issues related to governance, citizenship, and the electoral process.

On Thursday, August 8, 2024, Somalia's cabinet endorsed a crucial piece of legislation to allow the establishment of a one-person, one-vote election system. The Ministers have approved two new bills; the electoral and political parties’ bills, a major move that signifies the federal government of Somalia’s plan to move from indirect elections to holding popular elections. The two bills will now be presented to the Federal Parliament for deliberations and approval and thereafter, be signed into law by President Mohamud if passed by the lawmakers. This endorsement reflects a significant step towards achieving direct elections and is indicative of the political will under Mohamud’s leadership to move away from indirect electoral systems.

President Mohamud's administration is actively engaging with communities, civil society, and political stakeholders to build support for this electoral transition. Furthermore, there are efforts to develop the necessary electoral infrastructure and plans to conduct voter education campaigns.

In his speeches, the president has asserted the importance of democratic elections, stating, “A true democracy cannot be realised without the direct participation of the people.” Additionally, he has expressed optimism about Somalia’s electoral future, highlighting that “the endorsement of legislation for one-person, one-vote elections are a historic milestone for our nation, paving the way towards greater representation and accountability.”

Mohamud’s leadership has thus been pivotal in transforming Somalia’s electoral framework. His commitment to expanding delegate participation, advocating for constitutional reforms, and endorsing legislation for direct elections demonstrates a strong resolve to build a more inclusive and democratic Somalia.

As the country prepares for one-person, one-vote elections, the steps taken by President Mohamud and his administration mark a hopeful pivot in Somalia’s political landscape.