How proper training can boost youth labour participation

There are about 75 million young people unemployed worldwide, yet many organisations struggle to find potential employees with skills needed for entry level jobs.

Globally and locally, there exists a manifest mismatch between graduates from learning institutions and the human resource needs in the real economy. Jemima, a single mother struggling to make ends meet despite having completed her high school education, aptly personifies this challenge.

Inadequate training

She is one of the more than 800,000 young Kenyans who enter the job market annually after completing primary, secondary school or higher learning. Now more than ever, there is need for constant training and education that prepares youth for employment by making them more equipped to face challenges associated with the demand and supply disconnect of the skilled workforce.

A report commissioned by the World Bank spotlights the way in which attempts to close the skills gap are currently bogged down by lack of business experience on the part of trainers and inadequate training curricula which lack sufficient integration with the formal Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system.

Human development is indispensable in any country’s quest for economic development; this is even more so at a time when the government seeks to raise the share of manufacturing sector from nine to 15 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP) by 2022, expand food production and supply, provide universal health coverage for all Kenyan homes and build 500,000 affordable houses.

To raise labour participation for unemployed youth like Jemima, the government in collaboration with other stakeholders will need to employ a model defined by dynamic measurement of supply and demand, with economic rewards being inescapably linked to value addition.

All stakeholders will need to be more innovative. There is need for TVETs to adapt rapidly to the government’s Big Four agenda as well as have a paradigm shift in their curricula to focus more on jobs and measure TVETs performance based more on job placement, rather than the number of students trained. As this happens, more effort is needed towards sustained campaigns to change social perceptions of vocational education from seeing it as a last-resort education option to seeing the TVET approach as monumental to the country as far as youth employability and sustainable enterprise development is concerned.

This effort to improve vocational education’s attractiveness would attract more stakeholders to put their innovations and best practices in place towards increased impact in skills training and low unemployment rates among youth.

Youth labour participation is integral to the government’s ambitious plans, in view of the fact that the government plans to create 1.3 million manufacturing jobs by 2022.

To realise the government’s big-four agenda, TVETs and other stakeholders need to work closely towards increasing the pool of skilled workers in industries in Kenya, as well as create opportunities for the utilisation of the skilled labour for improved productivity.

Such opportunities could include: building an agent workforce for health insurance and pool of innovative and highly skilled talent who would boost innovative scientific advances towards affordable healthcare; coordination with the Ministry of Trade and Industry to embed trained workforce as an incentive to manufacturing companies they seek to attract; encouraging participation of industry practitioners in training delivery to ensure quality improvement and a keeping up with technological changes in the industries; integrating green skills into vocational training and existing continuing education, which would be a step towards food security, among other opportunities.

New technologies have disrupted business systems, potentially rendering redundant a myriad of traditional jobs. We are on the verge of a swift transition to fragmented division of labour that will assign highly specialised tasks to people at the point of need.

Demand-driven

Since youth make the largest unemployed age group and will face these challenges throughout their careers, there needs to be a focus on programmes that connect young people like Jemima with a pathway to skills and entry-level employment and that focus on demand-driven skills, integrating the most important behavioural and mindset components.

But to be sustainable, these programmes not only need to create value for their young participants, but also for employers -- through a reduction in required interview hours, better trained professionals, increased individual employee performance, and employees who stay on the job longer. This mutually beneficial engagement allows companies to be more agile and efficient, while raising youth labour participation.

One example is Generation Kenya, a global youth employment non-profit that operates here in Kenya. Working with employers directly can change outcomes. Generation evaluates the local labour market to identify entry-level jobs that feature either high scarcity or high turnover. Based on this, short, intensive programmes (four to eight weeks long) are developed that train participants in specific technical and behavioral skills and provide support services to help them be successful, with a goal of connectingt hem to the skills that will enable them to not only find entry-level jobs, but start a career.

The programme targets disadvantaged youth like Jemima who have been disconnected from the job market by challenges ranging from a lack of skills and sufficient qualification to long-term unemployment, among others.

To date, close to 8,000 young people have completed the programme and 83 per cent of them are employed within three months of graduation.

- Kartik Jayaram is a Senior Partner at Generation Kenya, and Mehdi Sinaceur the Director at Generation Kenya

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