Living with an overactive thyroid

NAIROBI: Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

The thyroid hormone is responsible for a number of functions including regulation of metabolism (how your body uses the food you eat), breathing, heartbeat, body temperature, nervous system, skin integrity and menstrual cycle among others.

Therefore, when one has an overactive thyroid, they experience symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, muscle weakness, mood swings, skin dryness, trouble sleeping, rapid heartbeat and increased frequency of bowel movements.

The most common cause is the autoimmune disorder Grave's disease, where the body makes an antibody that causes the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormone. Excessive iodine consumption, especially from supplements, is also another cause. Inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis) caused by a virus can also cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism is diagnosed through blood tests to check for levels of thyroid hormones and can be treated using anti-thyroid medications or using radioactive iodine therapy to destroy the cells that make thyroid hormone.

What to eat
While there is no specific diet for preventing or treating hyperthyroidism, a healthy diet might help alleviate its symptoms.

Because this ailment causes the body to have accelerated metabolism rate, it is advisable to avoid stimulants such as caffeine and refined sugars so as not to overwork an already overworked system.

Limiting iodine intake, especially in those whom hyperthyroidism is caused by excessive iodine intake, is essential. Rich iodine sources such as sea vegetables, cod, scallops, yoghurt, shrimp, sardines and salmon should be eaten minimally.

Addition of thyroid suppressing foods such as cabbage, cauliflowers, broccoli, turnips, soy and peaches is also beneficial.

A person with hyperthyroidism uses up their energy fast, they therefore need to take small, frequent but nutritious meals throughout the day to ensure a constant energy supply.

Omega-3 supplements help to regulate the endocrine system and are therefore very essential in alleviating the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Other important micro-nutrients include calcium, selenium, vitamin C and B complex.