Explained: How to properly clean your teeth

Dr. Nzesya Mwende notes that our gums are designed to protect our teeth, curving gently around them in a semicircle. [File, Courtesy]

Imagine spending years diligently brushing your teeth, only to realize you’ve been doing it wrong the whole time. It happens more often than you’d think. 

Many people believe that brushing harder or faster equals cleaner teeth, but this habit may be quietly damaging your gums, leading to more dental problems.

Dr. Nzesya Mwende notes that our gums are designed to protect our teeth, curving gently around them in a semicircle. 

This natural shape is key to understanding why brushing technique matters. 

According to her, "When you look at your teeth, you’ll see the gum hugging the teeth in a semi-circle. That is the natural anatomy of the gum, any other movement will disrupt that. Scrubbing up and down may seem effective, but it forces your gums downward, pulling them away from your teeth. So one ends with a recession, which is very common, especially among elderly people."

So what is the right way? 
Mwende explains that the ideal way to brush your teeth is in small, gentle circular motions.

Picture yourself polishing a delicate glass rather than scrubbing a dirty dish. These tiny circles effectively remove plaque without hurting your gums.  

Further, choosing the right toothbrush is equally important. 

If you have swollen, bleeding gums — signs of active gum disease — a very soft yet firm toothbrush is ideal. 

For people with hemophilia, brushing requires extra care as their gums can bleed easily. Harsh brushing or DIY dental treatments can be risky, so gentleness is key.  

For healthy gums, a strong, firm brush works best. And don’t forget — the size of your toothbrush head should match your mouth for better control and coverage.  

Even the best toothbrush has a shelf life. 

Once the bristles start to bend or fray — typically within three months or less— it’s time for a new one.  

According to Mwende, gum disease often shows up quietly, with symptoms like inflamed gums, morning bad breath, or bleeding while brushing. 

If one notices these signs, consider professional cleaning and mouthwash with active ingredients to keep things under control.  

Additionally, watching one’s diet can also work in your favour. 

Crunchy foods like carrots and fruits act as natural cleaners, scrubbing away plaque as you chew. Sugary and starchy foods, on the other hand, tend to stick around, feeding bacteria that cause decay.  

So before you rush through your next brushing routine, remember: your gums aren’t tiles to be scrubbed — they’re delicate protectors that deserve a little kindness.