Miraa is rooted in Kenyan culture and it has sparked a contentious debate within the country. Miraa is native to the Horn of Africa and the Arabian countries. Its leaves contain a stimulant called cathinone or cathine, which can produce effects similar to amphetamines when chewed or consumed.
While it is legal in some countries and regions, it is considered a controlled substance in many others due to its stimulant properties. As a country, we need to delve into a multifaceted debate, weighing the cultural significance, health concerns, and economic impact associated with its use in order to foster a nuanced understanding of the issues at hand. While miraa may have a traditional and cultural significance, cathinone can lead to adverse effects on the body such as insomnia, anxiety, high blood pressure, increased heart rate, and gastrointestinal problems.
Long-term use has been linked to mental health disorders and oral cancer. It is crucial to prioritise public health by developing and implementing regulations that raise awareness about the potential risk of miraa use. The regulations can include health education campaigns, warning labels, and accessible information on the associated health hazards. The addictive nature of miraa cannot be overlooked. Cathinone possesses addictive properties, making it challenging for individuals to quit using it.
Addiction can have detrimental effects on individuals' lives, leading to financial strain, relationship problems and a decline in overall productivity. By implementing regulations, we can provide support systems for those struggling with miraa addiction such as addiction treatment centres, counseling services, and rehabilitation centres. Age restriction on purchasing miraa can also help prevent early exposure and reduce the risk of addiction among vulnerable populations, such as young individuals.
The miraa industry plays a significant role in the Kenyan economy, particularly in regions where it is cultivated. It provides a livelihood for thousands of farmers and traders, contributing to rural development and reducing poverty.
The export of miraa also generates foreign exchange earnings for the country. However, unregulated miraa markets can have negative social and economic consequences. While miraa cultivation and trade contribute significantly to the local economy, unregulated markets can result in illicit activities such as smuggling.
This not only undermines a legal market but diverts resources away from other sectors. Regulating and controlling miraa can provide economic benefits through taxation, licensing, and quality control measures. By legalising and regulating the miraa trade, the government will ensure transparency, accountability, and fair-trade prices. This, in turn, supports the livelihoods of those involved in the industry while discouraging illicit activities. At the international level, drug control treaties exist to guide countries in regulating substances like miraa/muguka.
Compliance with these agreements is crucial to maintain international cooperation and prevent illicit trade in controlled substances. When considering regulation and control of miraa, Kenya should align policies with these treaties, taking into account the potential impact on international relationships and trade agreements.
Additionally, international agreements and obligations should be taken into account to ensure compliance with global control measures. Regulation of miraa should involve measures such as licensing, quality control, taxation, age restrictions, public health campaigns, and control over imports and exports.
By implementing appropriate regulations, the government will strike a balance between addressing public health concerns, minimising social and economic harm, and respecting cultural traditions and local livelihoods. Policies should take into account scientific evidence, societal norms, and the potential consequences of both prohibition and regulation to ensure a balanced and informed approach.
-Mr Mwaga is a Policy and Governance Analyst. kidimwaga@gmail.com
