The UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), has stressed the need to ensure that climate finance from both public and private sectors flows at the appropriate scale and pace to expedite sustainable development aligned with the Paris Agreement.
ECA Executive Secretary Claver Gatete said this will help developing countries like Kenya meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) without burdening their already stretched fiscal capacity.
According to Gatete, Africa requires $2.8 trillion between 2020 and 2030 to execute its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. However, it only receives $30 billion annually for climate finance.
He added that increasing the number of investable climate and SDG projects, as well as improving their visibility to potential investors and financiers, especially in developing countries, will play a crucial role in attracting more financial support to the continent. Yet, there remains a disconnect between investors and projects in need of investment.
Climate, debt, and development are closely intertwined. Projections by the Economic Commission for Africa show that some African regions could face GDP losses of up to 15 per cent by 2050 due to global warming.
"High debt servicing costs constrain countries from making critical investments in climate adaptation and resilience to mitigate some of these losses," said Mr Gatete noting that various governments, institutions, and leaders are advocating for change - chiefly among them the UN Secretary-General Mr. Antonio Guterres, who introduced his ambitious SDG Stimulus in February this year.
A recently published report by a G20 expert group estimates that, by 2030, developing countries will require annual incremental investments of $1.8 trillion for climate action and $1.2 trillion for achieving the SDGs.
UNECA has been serving as the temporary secretariat of the Coalition and remains dedicated to supporting global debt architecture reforms.
"First, we need to ensure that countries in debt distress have access to a functional debt resolution mechanism. The G20 Common Framework needs comprehensive reform to enhance its effectiveness, timeliness, and transparency. The planned debtor's club within the Sustainable Debt Coalition could play a pivotal role in ensuring that debtor countries'; voices are heard in this process," he said.
Secondly, there is a need to adapt debt instruments to a more shock-prone world. He said that to prevent countries from sliding into debt distress when facing climate-related disasters, there is a need to strengthen automatic stabilizers. The expansion of climate-resilient debt clauses, which suspend debt service payments in the event of such shocks, is crucial and should be advocated for in all new sovereign debt issuances.
He also stressed the need to work towards making debt more affordable. Guarantees, including those from MDBs, can reduce market borrowing costs for developing nations. Additionally, guarantees can serve as catalysts for innovative financing tools such as the issuance of sustainability-linked bonds, as demonstrated recently in Rwanda.
ECA has been serving as the temporary secretariat of the Coalition and remains dedicated to supporting global debt architecture reforms, said Mr Gatete.
Mr Gatete also highlighted the need for implementation labs or iLabs, as they offer opportunities to foster collaboration and explore strategies for unlocking predictable, affordable, and sustainable financing for climate action and the SDGs in Africa.
He called for a comprehensive approach to bridge the significant climate and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) financing gap and increase climate action ambition.
